天星河、文峰河流域岩溶水化学及影响因素     

李明伦  焦杰松  张红波 《江苏地质》2015,39(1):99-104

重庆东北部地区巫溪天星河、文峰河的岩溶流域水化学特征研究结果表明:研究区泉水样品的p H值为6.47~8.28,平均值为7.79;流域河水饱和指数(SIc)的平均值为0.14,表明其变化受到流域碳酸盐岩分布的控制。水化学类型以HCO3-Ca型水为主,Ca2+和HCO-3平均分别占阳、阴离子的75%和82%。通过分析Gibbs图,发现泉水的主要组分属于"岩石风化类型",主要反映了岩石的溶解作用对泉水水化学的影响。流域内部分水样NO-3和SO2-4较高,可能是受工农业生产等人类活动的影响引起,此外硫酸也参与了碳酸盐矿物的溶解。  相似文献   

滕州荆泉水源地岩溶塌陷特征与成因分析          下载免费PDF全文

贾继成  孟宪洲  白平 《山东国土资源》2018,34(6)

自2015年6月以来,在山东滕州荆泉水源地范围内连续发生多起岩溶塌陷。通过研究区域地质条件,在已有认识的基础上分析得出发育的浅层开口岩溶洞隙的存在,一定厚度的松散覆盖层及地下水位大幅下降是该区产生岩溶塌陷的基本条件。阐述了岩溶塌陷形成发育过程及影响因素,得出长期过量抽采岩溶水是区内岩溶塌陷的主要因素,合理减少地下水开采量是预防岩溶塌陷最有效的方法。  相似文献   

Using hysteretic behaviour and hydrograph classification to identify hydrological function across the “hillslope–depression–stream” continuum in a karst catchment     

Runrun Zhang  Xi Chen  Zhicai Zhang  Chris Soulsby 《水文研究》2020,34(16):3464-3480

In cockpit karst landscapes, fluxes from upland areas contribute large volumes of water to low-lying depressions and stream flow. Hydrograph hysteresis and similarity between monitoring sites is important for understanding the space–time variability of hydrologic responses across the “hillslope–depression–stream” continuum. In this study, the hysteretic feature of hydrographs was assessed by characterizing the loop-like relationships between responses at upstream sites relative to subsurface discharge at the outlet of a small karst catchment. A classification of hydrograph responses based on the multi-scale smoothing Kernel -derived distance classifies the hydrograph responses on the basis of similarities between hillslope and depression sites, and those at the catchment outlet. Results demonstrate that the temporal and spatial variability of hydrograph hysteresis and similarity between hillslope flow and outlet stream flow can be explained by the local heterogeneity of depression aquifer. Large depression storage deficits emerging in the highly heterogeneous aquifer produce strong hysteresis and multiple relationships of upstream hydrographs relative to the outlet subsurface discharge. In contrast, when depression storage deficits are filled during consecutive rainfall events, depression hydrographs at the high permeability sites are almost synchronous or exhibit a monotonous function with the hydrographs at the outlet. This reduced hydrograph hysteresis enhances preferential flow paths in fractured rocks and conduits that can accelerate the hillslope flow to the outlet. Therefore, classification of hydrograph similarities between any upstream sites and the catchment outlet can help to identify the dominant hydrological functions in the heterogeneous karst catchment.  相似文献   

A novel approach for estimating karst groundwater recharge in mountainous regions and its application in Switzerland          下载免费PDF全文

Arnauld Malard  Michael Sinreich  Pierre‐Yves Jeannin 《水文研究》2016,30(13):2153-2166

A pragmatic and simple approach for estimating the groundwater recharge of karst aquifers in mountainous regions by extrapolation of the hydrological regimes of gauged and well‐documented systems is presented. Specific discharge rates are derived using annual precipitation and spring measurements by taking into account catchment size and elevation, which are assumed to be the dominant factors. Reference sites with high data reliability are used for calibration and regional extrapolation. This is performed with normalized values employing spatial precipitation deviations and correlation with the elevation of the catchment areas. A tiered step procedure provides minimum and maximum normalized gradients for the relationship between recharge quantity and elevation for karst regions. The normalized recharge can therefore be obtained and extrapolated for any location using the spatial precipitation variability to provide an estimate of annual groundwater recharge. The approach was applied to Switzerland (approximately 7500 km² of karst terrain situated between 200 and over 4000 m a.s.l.) using annual precipitation data from meteorological stations for the years 2000 to 2011. Results show that the average recharge rates of different Swiss karst domains range from 20 to 46 L/km²s, which corresponds to an infiltration ratio between 0.6 and 0.9 of total precipitation. Despite uncertainties inherent in the approach, these results provide a benchmark for renewable karst groundwater resources in Switzerland of about 8.4 km³/year. The approach can be applied to any other mountainous karst region, that is, where a clear relationship between elevation, precipitation and recharge can be assumed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Stable isotopes of precipitation and spring waters reveal an altitude effect in the Anti‐Lebanon Mountains,Syria          下载免费PDF全文

Paul Koeniger  Mathias Toll  Thomas Himmelsbach 《水文研究》2016,30(16):2851-2860

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Groundwater mixing between different aquifer types in a complex structural setting discerned by elemental and stable isotope geochemistry          下载免费PDF全文

Dorina Murgulet  Marlon Cook  Valeriu Murgulet 《水文研究》2016,30(3):410-423

Karst aquifers are well known for their intricate stratigraphy and geologic structures, which make groundwater characterization challenging because flowpaths and recharge sources are complex and difficult to evaluate. Geochemical data, collected from ten closely spaced production wells constructed in two karst aquifers (Bangor Limestone (Mb) and Tuscumbia Limestone/Fort Payne Chert (Mftp)) in Trussville, north‐central Alabama, illustrate two distinctive groundwater end‐members: (1) higher major ion, dissolved inorganic carbon, conductivity, alkalinity concentrations, heavier δ¹³C ratios (max: −10.2 ± 0.2‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (PDB)) and lower residence times (mean: 19.5 ± 2 years, n = 2) of groundwater in the Mb aquifer and (2) lower constituent concentrations, lighter δ¹³C ratios (min: −13.4 ± 0.2‰ PDB) and longer residence times of groundwater (mean: 23.6 ± 2 years, n = 4) in the Mftp aquifer. Summer and fall data and the binary mixing model show aquifer inter‐flow mixing along solution fractures and confirms the distinctive groundwater geochemistry of the two aquifers. Lowering of static water levels over the summer (drawdown from 2 to 5.2 m) leads to more reducing groundwater conditions (lower Eh values) and slightly enriched δ¹⁸O and δD ratios during the fall [δ¹⁸O: −4.8 ± 0.1 to −5.4 ± 0.1‰ Vienna Standard Mean Oceanic Water (VSMOW), n = 9; δD: −25.4 ± 1 to −27.4 ± 1‰ VSMOW, n = 9] when compared with summer season samples (δ¹⁸O: −5.1 ± 0.1 to −5.7 ± 0.1‰ VSMOW, n = 11; δD: −25.0 ± 1 to −30.6 ± 1‰ VSMOW, n = 11). GIS analyses confirm the localized origin of recharge to the investigated aquifers. The combination of GIS, field parameters and geochemistry analyses can be successfully used to identify recharge sources, evaluate groundwater flow and transport pathways and to improve understanding of how groundwater withdrawals impact the sustainability and susceptibility to contamination of karst aquifers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

鄂西岩溶槽谷区洼地的水位响应特征及产流阈值估算   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

廖春来  罗明明  周宏 《中国岩溶》2020,39(6):802-809

以湖北省兴山县黄粮镇刘家坝和龙湾两处岩溶洼地作为研究对象，利用其降雨、水文和土壤水等监测数据，探讨灌入式补给条件下洼地汇流的水位响应特征和产流特点，并基于降雨量和洼地内明渠流量的关系，采用数学拟合方程，估算两处洼地的降雨产流阈值，进而分析了影响产流阈值的因素。结果表明:降雨强度增大，产流阈值减小；土壤前期含水率越大，越有利于坡面产流；落水洞和岩溶泉水位与降雨有较好的同步响应关系，水位变化曲线随雨强大小分别表现出“陡升陡降”和“缓升缓降”的特点；刘家坝和龙湾洼地的产流阈值分别为7.4 mm和10.6 mm。   相似文献   

冀中坳陷束鹿凹陷潜山不整合特征与油气运聚模式     

蔡川  邱楠生  刘念  李振明  王元杰  鱼占文  焦亚先 《地质学报》2020,94(3):888-904

本文从冀中坳陷束鹿凹陷潜山顶面不整合接触类型及分布规律、结构特征及输导类型出发，精细刻画了不整合面之下半风化岩石层的垂向岩溶分带特征。在此基础上对典型剖面烃源岩热演化、油气运移进行模拟，建立了研究区潜山油气的运聚模式。结果表明，束鹿凹陷潜山顶面不整合包括4种接触类型、5种结构模式，具有3种输导类型，其中斜坡区和洼槽区西部以侧向型为主，斜坡区局部构造高点与洼中隆为侧向+圈闭型，凸起区以侧向+垂向型为主。不整合面之下半风化岩石孔缝洞体系发育，垂向上可划分为表层岩溶带、垂直渗流带以及三个水平潜流带，具有多期岩溶旋回特征。潜山顶部发育的垂直渗流带是油气沿不整合面运移的主力输导层，而内幕发育的多期水平潜流带是油气向内幕运移的潜在通道。深、浅部烃源岩热演化的差异以及与薄层砾岩是否接触导致了斜坡区与洼中隆潜山油气充注的差异，形成了斜坡区晚期薄层砾岩高效中转、不整合侧向运移、水平潜流带向内幕输导、顺向断层向上输导、反向断层圈闭成藏的油气运聚模式。  相似文献   

高墩大跨度刚构桥抗震加固有限元分析          下载免费PDF全文

倪国葳  刘倩  韩冰  葛毅佳  张梦芽  张洪建 《世界地震工程》2019,35(2):193-202

大跨刚构桥结构桥跨较长和受力复杂。为提高抗震性能，需要对加固前后的桥梁进行抗震性能研究。以某双肢薄壁型高墩大跨度刚构桥为背景，采用ANSYS程序APDL语言，对结构进行合理的参数选取、网格划分和边界约束，结合抗震等级和桥梁规范等有关规定，研究整体结构在地震作用下的变化规律。通过沿墩高方向获取节点的方法，确定在地震作用下，各节点的最大位移从下到上逐渐增大。选取桥墩双肢相同部位各节点进行横向比较，总结得出双肢薄壁桥墩具有平分荷载和延长寿命的特点。为提高桥梁整体抗震性能，采取联结桥墩增大截面的方式进行加固，对比加固前后两模型在同一地震作用下的结构响应，得出该方法在提高结构整体刚度方面，效果显著。  相似文献   

钢筋-沥青隔震层非线性震动特性研究          下载免费PDF全文

尚守平  刘水 《世界地震工程》2019,35(1):001-8

为了研究钢筋-沥青隔震层的材料与几何非线性震动特性，对钢筋-沥青隔震结构进行了振动台试验，分析了结构在不同加速度幅值输入时的隔震性能。同时，在钢材的应力-应变关系基础上，考虑构件竖向力的二次矩效应，提出了钢筋-沥青隔震层骨架曲线的计算方法，并结合双线型恢复力模型的滞回规则，建立了相应的恢复力模型。利用建立的恢复力模型，编制程序进行了弹塑性时程分析，并与试验结果作对比。结果表明:当钢筋-沥青隔震层的受力钢筋进入弹塑性阶段时，隔震层能够吸收大部分地震能量，显著降低上部结构的地震反应；弹塑性时程分析结果与试验结果吻合较好，由此建立的恢复力模型准确并且适用，可为钢筋-沥青隔震层的工程设计与非线性地震反应分析提供参考。  相似文献